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The ovaries are female reproductive organs located in the pelvis. There are two of them – one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen and progesterone control the development of female body characteristics (i.e., breasts, body shape and body hair) and regulate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
The cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, but there are certain risk factors that indicate an increase in a woman’s chance of developing ovarian cancer. The following have been suggested as risk factors for ovarian cancer:
Some studies have suggested that women who use hormone replacement therapy after menopause may have a slightly increased risk of ovarian cancer.
First-degree relatives (such as mother, daughter, sister) of a woman who has had ovarian cancer are at risk for developing the disease. The risk increases if two or more first-degree relatives have had ovarian cancer. A family history of breast or colon cancer is also associated with an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer.
Specific treatment for ovarian cancer will be determined by your physician based on:
Ovarian cancer may be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of treatments.
Surgery for ovarian cancer may include:
Another treatment for ovarian cancer is intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy. This type of chemotherapy is given directly into the abdomen through a catheter (a long, thin tube). While several clinical trials have shown a benefit for this type of chemotherapy treatment, it is not widely used.