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Lyme disease (LD) is a multi-stage, multi-system bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, a spiral shaped bacterium that is most commonly transmitted by a tick bite. The disease takes its name from Lyme, Connecticut, where the illness was first identified in the United States in 1975.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Lyme disease continues to be a rapidly emerging infectious disease, and is the leading cause of all insect-borne illness in the US. According to the CDC, LD cases more than doubled during the surveillance period of 1992 to 2006. In 2008, there were almost 29,000 confirmed cases and nearly 6,300 probable cases of LD.
The list of possible symptoms is long, and symptoms can affect every part of the body. The following are the most common symptoms of Lyme disease. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently.
The primary symptom is a red rash that:
Several days or weeks after a bite from an infected tick, a patient usually experiences flu-like symptoms such as the following:
After several months, arthritis-like symptoms may develop, including painful and swollen joints.
Other possible symptoms may include the following:
Some people may develop post-Lyme disease syndrome (PLDS), a condition also known as chronic Lyme disease, characterized by persistent musculoskeletal and peripheral nerve pain, fatigue, and memory impairment.
Specific treatment for Lyme disease will be determined by your physician based on:
Lyme disease is usually treated with antibiotics for a period of four to six weeks.